26 October 2014

Wing Mounts, Wing Brackets & Load Test Prep


The Front and Rear wing mounts


In the last week of preparation for our wing load testing in late October, we worked feverishly to get many items completed for the tests.  These included the wing mounts on the center wing section, the mating parts for the wing mounts (wing mount cradle and pin tubes) on the pseudo-fuselage, and pseudo-fuselage itself, and all of the wing connection brackets.

The pseudo-fuselage is an aluminum part designed to take the place of the actual carbon fiber fuselage frame during the load testing of the wing, so that if anything goes wrong with the wing during the test, we don't also trash a perfectly good fuselage frame.


Wing Connection Brackets


We put a couple of layers of fiberglass wrap over the cylindrical part of the wing connection brackets, where they get glued into the rear spar and front support tubes, as a way of helping prevent galvanic corrosion between the aluminum and carbon fiber.  We wrap the wet layup of fiberglass and epoxy with shrink tape and shrink it with a heat gun.


Some of the wing connection brackets prior to wrapping


Spreading epoxy out on fiberglass wrap


Wrapping a wing connection bracket w/ fiberglass and epoxy



Shinking the shrink tape with a heat gun



Shrinking the tape (tape roll visible on table)



Finished parts, curing


The chess pieces face off


Another view of some of the wing connector brackets, prior to fiberglassing


Gluing wing connection brackets in end of rear spar


Gluing wing connection bracket in front support tube


Another view of front wing connection bracket gluing


Three wing sections side-by-side for wing connection bracket gluing


Wing sections clamped in place prior to drilling brackets


Fit of a wing connection bracket prior to drilling


Wing connection brackets with spacer shims in place


Two wing sections clamped in place prior to bracket drilling


Drilling fixture and pins


Drilling instructions


Drilling the wing connection bracket


Reaming hole to final size


After hole drilled, before removing fixture


Pin in place


Front pin in place, rear pin ready for insertion



Wing Mount Cradles


The half of the wing mounts on the fuselage side consist of two end-grain balsa cradles that are strong enough to support the weight of the wing in compression, topped by an aluminum "pin tube" that the steel pin goes through, connecting it to the other half of the wing mount on the fuselage.  The pin tube is held in place by multiple wraps of Kevlar tow infused with epoxy.  That Kevlar is all the holds the entire weight of the fuselage to the wing.


Raw materials -- a large chunk of balsa and a drawing of the cradle


Rough shapes are cut out on a small tabletop bandsaw


Sanding the groove for the Pin Tube


Oops!


Fixed!


Finished parts



With pin tubes tack glued in place, and ready to glue to Top Tube


Wing Mount Cradles glued to Top Tube of pseudo-fuse



Wing Mount Brackets


The wing is mounted in two places in the center of the Center wing section, the main mount in front, and a rear mount near the rear spar.  The main mount consists of a plywood box covered with carbon fiber, holding two aluminum rings (or "bobbins") that fit around the pin tube at the front of the fuselage.  A steel pin joins the pin tube and the bobbins.  Those rings are held on by generous wraps of Kevlar tow.

The rear wing mount is an aluminum C shape that the rear wing mount pin goes through, joining it to the rear pin tube attached to the fuselage.



Foam core with plywood templates, about to be cut out (templates later form a part of the box around the foam)


Foam core after cutting out



The sides of the plywood box, with extra supports at top for the bobbins



Test fitting the wing mount plywood box


Prepping the box parts


Gluing the box together


Detail showing Rohacell spacers to fit plywood to foam


Wing mount box with bobbins in place


Alignment pin in place to ensure the bobbins are square with the pin


Test fitting placement of main wing mount


Gluing wing mount box in place


Gluing front wing mount using pseudo-fuse top tube for alignment


Gluing rear wing mount


Wing mounts glued in place and drying, with Top Tube as alignment jig


Epoxying carbon fiber cloth on the front wing mount


Vacuum bagging the front wing mount


Lashing the rear mount


Lashing the bobbins on the front mount


The completed wing mounts



Pseudo-Fuselage (for wing load testing)



The pseudo-fuselage is used to hold the wing during load testing, so that the real fuselage will not get damaged during testing.  It's made out of aluminum tubing (much heavier than the real fuselage) and is designed to be picked up with a forklift during testing.



Pseudo-fuse parts ready to be glued


Lift points ready to be glued


Rear Tube of pseudo-fuse spliced together


Lashing pseudo-fuse parts


Detail of lashing with clips, prior to epoxy



Epoxying the lashings


The completed pseudo-fuselage, prior to trimming lashings


Closeup of the wing mount cradle and pin tube lashing


Bending the base of the lift wire fitting


Two more pieces of lift wire fitting base


Making the lift wire fitting wire and terminating it


Completed lift wire fitting prior to soldering to brass base plate


Lift wire fitting soldered to brass plate


Gluing the lift wire fitting to the pseudo-fuse (to be lashed later)


In the end the solder broke, and we had to glue the fitting in place


Finished glue joint



Lift wire fitting lashed in place




Prepping the 2-Liter bottles for the wing load test



Measuring the amount of water in the 2-Liter bottles for the load test


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